Parasite Control:

External and internal parasites on our four legged family members are bad for their health and can also

introduce life threatening or debilitating diseases to your family. Many parasites are able to infect cats,

dogs, and people! At Hampden Veterinary Clinic we believe in providing high quality, preventative

medicine for your four legged family member to insure that they have a long and healthy life but to also

help protect your two legged family member’s health as well. We have both topical and oral

medications to provide monthly prevention of fleas and ticks on your pets. Some products offer

protection against biting flies and mosquitoes. The doctors and staff and Hampden Veterinary Clinic

would be happy to tailor your family’s external parasites control. We realize that good health care for

your pet may be hard on your family budget. Hampden Veterinary Clinic will sell you single doses of flea

and tick prevention or heartworm prevention pills.

Recommendation Outline:

– Recommend fecal examination 1 to 4 times a year depending on your pet’s health,

– Recommend high quality, veterinary products for flea, tick, and parasite control ( Vectra,

– Recommend internal parasitic control all year around for every pet in the household

– Recommend external parasite control during above freezing temperatures or all year

depending on your pet’s environment environment, and your compliance with parasitic control.

(Nexgard, Revolution, Frontline)

If you do not want to use flea and tick prevention all year around here are our guidelines on WHEN you should use it:

– Warm weather so spring through 2 weeks past the first frost.

– Any time a new pet is introduced to the home, even if it’s visitors

– Any time you are moving into a new home/apartment

– Any time you are travelling to warmer climates

Fleas Carry:

– Tapeworms

– Rickettsial disease

– hemobartonella/Mycoplasma

Ticks Carry:

-Lyme disease

-Erlichia

-Anaplasmosis

-Babesiosis

-Cytauxzoonosis

External parasites (ticks and fleas):

Fleas:

Fleas are wingless insects that live by feeding on blood off of mammals. Although they have a

preference for a certain species, a hunger flea will feed off of the nearest warm body which could

be your or your family! Fleas can jump as high as 7 inches and as far as 13 inches. Based on

their body size, no other insect or mammal can rival that distance! Fleas go through 4 life stages:

egg, larva, pupa, and adult stage. Adult fleas must feed on blood before they can become

capable of reproduction and most flea populations are evenly distributed, with about 50% eggs,

35% larvae, 10% pupae, and 5% adults. One adult female flea will lay about 5000 eggs in her

natural life span and make approximately 40 to 50 eggs a day. Some fleas can survive at 37.4°F

for 10 days and can survive the winter outdoors as long as they are on a warm mammal. They

can survive for 5 days at below freezing as well. The flea in the pupa stage can lay dormant for

up to 30 weeks and emerge when stimulated by warmth, carbon dioxide, or mechanical pressure.

Fleas and Your Pet’s Health:

Fleas carry a variety of disease to both cats and dogs. The most common problem that you may see is tape

worms. Tape worms eggs are carried in the flea and when ingested, go on to infect your pet’s intestinal

tract. Other diseases include infectious diseases such as feline infectious anemia, rickettsial diseases and

patients can also have flea allergy dermatitis.

Fleas and Your Health:

The common dog and cat fleas can transmit a variety of diseases to you and your family. Cat scratch

fever, murine typhus, and tapeworms are all transmitted to people by fleas. In certain parts of the counter,

bubonic plague is transmitted by rodent fleas that infect your cat or dog. Flea bites also can cause a rash

and allergic reaction in some people. Children with tapeworms are acquiring them by ingesting fleas in

their home.

Ticks:

Ticks are part of the spider family and have 8 legs. There are 3 families of ticks and within each family

there are different ticks with different characteristics. Ticks have to feed on blood between each life stage

and can cause profound anemia in their hosts. Ticks are typically found on low vegetation and invade

your pet when they are walking near the borders of grass and woods. Female ticks can become 100 x

bigger when engorged with blood.

Ticks and Your Pet’s Health:

Ticks carry various diseases including Lyme disease, Ehrlichiosis, Babesia, Rocky Mountain spotted fever,

Anaplasmosis, and can cause tick paralysis. Symptoms from tick diseases can include lethargy, decreased

appetite, vomiting, diarrhea, and lameness. In severe cases bleeding abnormalities and kidney failure can

occur. Like fleas, they like to feed on warm bodies and can transmit disease to both you and your pet.

Ticks can cause allergic reaction and itching or ulcers at the bite site and can feed on blood for up to 24

hours. Some dogs and cats can form an abscess at the bite site. In 2014 our clinic diagnosed multiple

cases of Lyme disease every month over the summer and had 2 cases of Erlichiosis and 1 case of Rocky

Mountain Spotted Fever on dogs ON monthly tick prevention!

Ticks and Your Health:

Many of the diseases transmitted to your dog can also be transmitted to you by a tick bite. If your

dog is getting covered in ticks, it’s likely that you have a high exposure to ticks as well. Please

speak with your physician regarding tick borne human disease risks.

Internal parasites (intestinal worms):

Internal parasites can live in various parts of your pet. In fact, there are worms that can inhabit almost

every organ in your pet’s body. In this section we will be concentrating predominantly on worms that

infect the intestines and the heart in your dog or cat.

Intestinal Worms:

At HVC we recommend that all dogs be on year round prevention to protect them against common

intestinal worms. Annual fecal examination/screening can help monitor your pet’s health and insure

that we have good parasitic control. Puppies should have fecal examination and dewormed multiple

times during the vaccination process. Puppies and kittens can acquire worms through the uterus and

from nursing. Many worms can be transmitted to people and can cause significant health problems in

people.

Heartworms Dogs and Cats:

Heartworms are transmitted by a mosquito bite. This disease has been diagnosed in all 50 states in the

country. Although this disease is commonly found in warmer, wet/humid climates it has been

increasingly diagnosed in the northern United States. According to the American Heartworm

Association environmental changes and formations of “heat islands” and urban sprawl has helped create

small pockets of mosquito friendly environments even in cold states. In 2013, Merial reports 171 cases

of heartworm infections treated in the state of Maine. Heartworms predominantly infect dogs but can

cause a lower level infection (1 to 3 worms) in cats as well. The severity of the disease will depend on the

number of worms in the heart, your pet’s immune response, length of infection, and activity level of your

pet. Live adult heartworms can cause direct irritation of the heart muscles but can suppress your pet’s

immune response. Dead worms will start an immune response in both the heart and the lungs and long

term will cause scarring of the heart and lungs. Active dogs tend to develop more changes than sedentary

dogs. Owners will notice a cough, exercise intolerance, over heart failure or fluid in the belly. Some

infected animals will die from a spontaneous blood clot to the lungs or dead worm causing a clot like

obstruction in the lungs. Treatment of heartworms can be costly and difficult. Killing the worms makes the

bodies fly out of the heart and into the lungs. This can lead to further damage to the heart and lungs. Dead

worms also increase the risk of a fatal allergic reaction or a clot formation in the heart or lungs. Patients

typically require x-rays of the chest and an ultrasound of the heart to ascertain how many worms are

present prior to instituting therapy. Therapies include a combination of antibiotics, steroids, and

medications to kill both baby(microfilariae) and adult heartworms. Costs for treatment typically cost 900-

1200 per pet. Lastly, the muscle changes and damage to the heart and lungs are permanent. Some patients

will require surgical removal of worms if the worms are causing a life threatening problem. This is

a completely preventable disease with monthly prevention tablets.

Frequently Asked Questions:

1. My cat is indoor only, do I really need to do flea and tick prevention?

ANSWER –  Yes! Fleas and ticks can catch a ride on your clothes or belongings and can easily be

brought into your home. If your friends come over to visit and don’t have a flea free

home, they could leave a house warming gift behind. Controlling fleas is much easier

than having decontaminate your pet and home. We recommend monthly prevention

even in the winter since heat in the homes allows fleas to survive all year long.

2. Do I need to use heartworm prevention if my dog stays in the state of Maine?

ANSWER–  In 2013 Merial (the makers of heartguard) reported 171 cases of dogs with Heart worm

disease in Maine! 171 is a little bit more than 0 cases. As climate and weather changes

as well as human and pet travel changes, heartworm disease is slowly creeping north.

Heart worm disease is a completely preventable FATAL disease. Furthermore treatment

of heartworms typically costs 900-1200 dollars (much more than the monthly

prevention!) We recommend the monthly prevention since we can also treat internal

worms with the same chewy medication!

3. Flea and Tick prevention is really expensive, what should I do?

ANSWER – At Hampden Veterinary Clinic we offer the option to buy just ONE dose of flea and tick

or heartworm prevention. Other hospitals may require you to by 3, 6 or 12 months at a

time but we realize that can be a big bill. We also offer many manufacture coupons and

deals where you may be able to get some medication for free. Lastly, fleas can transmit

disease to both you and your pet. Medical bills are much expensive than monthly

prevention and you health and your pet’s health is priceless! Please contact us so we

can help tailor a unique program for your family.

4. If I see one flea on my dog is that a big deal?

ANSWER – One adult female flea will lay about 5000 eggs in her natural life span and make

approximately 40 to 50 eggs a day. Most flea populations are evenly distributed,

with about 50% eggs, 35% larvae, 10% pupae, and 5% adults. So one adult means

a lot more flea friends are around!

5. We had the first frost last night; can I stop my flea and tick prevention?

ANSWER – Some fleas can survive at 37.4°F for 10 days and can survive the winter outdoors

as long as they are on a warm mammal. They can survive for 5 days outdoors at

below freezing as well. The flea in the pupa stage can lay dormant for up to 30

weeks and emerge when stimulated by warmth, carbon dioxide, or mechanical

pressure. Based on these facts of flea survival we recommend year round treat or

at least waiting until it has been consistently below freezing for 2 weeks.

6. I never see fleas on my cat, which means she doesn’t have fleas right?

ANSWER –  Cats are great groomers. Rarely do we find a flea on a cat until there is a raging

infestation. We recommend looking for flea dirt or flea poop instead. Brush your pet

and then place the fur and any debris on a paper towel. Wet the paper towel and smush

the fur and debris. If you see red streaks, you just found some flea poop and it’s time to

get deworming and flea and tick medication!

7. Why do you want to do a fecal examination if my dog is on monthly prevention?

ANSWER – The monthly prevention we prescribe your dog kills the most COMMON intestinal

parasites. There are other parasites that are less common that could infect your dog.

Also doing a fecal can give us an idea of if your pet’s colonic bacteria off or if there are

other things ( fungal, bacterial etc) infections that your pet is fighting.

8. My dog and I both hate how sticky and gross topical flea and tick prevention products

are. Plus we like to swim in the summer. Is there something else we can use?

ANSWER – Yes! We have a new product called NexGard. It is a tablet that your dog chews that

provides month long protection against fleas and ticks. It even kills the ticks faster than

products like frontline. It is a safe and effective drug and you can swim or take a bath

right away!

9. Can I use my dog flea and tick prevention on my cat?

ANSWER – No! Cats are not small dogs. There are some drugs that are safe for dogs but not cats.

Some of the flea and tick medications can cause tremors or seizures in cats. Please use a

cat specific drug for your cat. We would be happy to go over which products are best for

your kitty!

10. My cat has fleas, how long should I treat her? Is one does enough?

ANSWER – We typically recommend using flea products for 3 months and to treat the environment

if you continue to have problems. Check your pet for flea dirt or flea poop. You can do

this by brushing your pet and then wetting the fur and debris you remove on a white

paper towel. If you see little red streaks on the paper towel, you have just discovered

some flea poop.